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-
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- (colony of the UK)
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- █ ≡ GEOGRAPHY ≡ █
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- Total area: 1,040 km²; land area: 990 km²
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- Comparative area: slightly less than six times the size of Washington, DC
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- Land boundary: 30 km with China
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- Coastline: 733 km
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- Maritime claims:
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- Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation;
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- Exclusive fishing zone: 3 nm;
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- Territorial sea: 3 nm
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- Disputes: scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China
- in 1997
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- Climate: tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from
- spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
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- Terrain: hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
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- Natural resources: outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
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- Land use: 7% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 1% meadows and pastures;
- 12% forest and woodland; 79% other; includes 3% irrigated
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- Environment: more than 200 islands; occasional typhoons
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- █ ≡ People ≡ █
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- Population: 5,759,990 (July 1990), growth rate 1.0% (1990)
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- Birth rate: 13 births/1,000 population (1990)
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- Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
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- Net migration rate: 2 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
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- Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
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- Life expectancy at birth: 76 years male, 82 years female (1990)
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- Total fertility rate: 1.4 children born/woman (1990)
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- Nationality: adjective--Hong Kong
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- Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% other
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- Religion: 90% eclectic mixture of local religions, 10% Christian
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- Language: Chinese (Cantonese), English
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- Literacy: 75%
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- Labor force: 2,640,000; 35.8% manufacturing; 22.7% wholesale and retail
- trade, restaurants and hotel, 17.1% services, 7.5% construction, 8.4%
- transport and communications, 6.1% financing, insurance, and real
- estate (1986)
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- Organized labor: 15% of labor force (1986)
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- █ ≡ Government ≡ █
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- Long-form name: none; abbreviated HK
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- Type: colony of the UK; scheduled to revert to China in 1997
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- Capital: Victoria
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- Administrative divisions: none (colony of the UK)
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- Independence: none (colony of the UK); the UK signed an agreement
- with China on 19 December 1984 to return Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997;
- in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Hong Kong's existing
- social and economic systems and lifestyle for 50 years after transition
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- Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
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- Legal system: based on English common law
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- National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 August (1945)
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- Executive branch: British monarch, governor, chief secretary of the
- Executive Council
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- Legislative branch: Legislative Council
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- Judicial branch: Supreme Court
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- Leaders:
- Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);
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- Head of Government--Governor Sir David Clive WILSON (since 9 April 1987);
- Chief Secretary Sir David Robert FORD (since NA February 1987)
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- Political parties: none
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- Suffrage: limited to about 71,000 professionals of electoral college and
- functional constituencies
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- Elections:
- Legislative Council--indirect elections last held 26 September 1985
- (next to be held in September 1991)
- seats--(58 total; 26 elected, 32 appointed)
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- Communists: 5,000 (est.) cadres affiliated with Communist Party of China
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- Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Trade Unions (Communist
- controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese
- dominated), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber
- of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federation of Hong Kong Industries,
- Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Professional
- Teachers' Union, and several small pro-democracy groups.
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- Member of: ADB, ESCAP (associate member), GATT, IMO, INTERPOL, Multifiber
- Arrangement, WMO
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- Diplomatic representation: as a British colony, the interests
- of Hong Kong in the US are represented by the UK;
- US--Consul General Donald M. ANDERSON; Consulate General at
- 26 Garden Road, Hong Kong (mailing address is Box 30, Hong Kong, or
- FPO San Francisco 96659-0002); telephone p852o (5) 239011
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- Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with
- the Hong Kong coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the
- flag; the coat of arms contains a shield (bearing two junks below a crown)
- held by a lion (representing the UK) and a dragon (representing China) with
- another lion above the shield and a banner bearing the words HONG KONG below
- the shield
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- █ ≡ Economy ≡ █
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- Overview: Hong Kong has a free-market economy and is autonomous in
- financial affairs. Natural resources are limited and food and raw materials
- must be imported. Manufacturing is the backbone of the economy, accounting
- for more than 20% of GDP, employing 36% of the labor force, and exporting
- about 90% of output. Real GDP growth averaged a remakable 8% in 1987-88,
- then slowed to a respectable 3% in 1989. Unemployment, which has been
- declining since the mid-1980s, is now less than 2%. A shortage of labor
- continues to put upward pressure on prices and the cost of living.
- Short-term prospects remain solid so long as major trading partners continue
- to be prosperous. The crackdown in China in 1989 casts a long shadow over
- the longer term economic outlook.
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- GDP: $57 billion, per capita $10,000; real growth rate 3% (1989)
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- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.5% (1989)
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- Unemployment rate: 1.6% (1988)
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- Budget: $6.9 billion (FY89)
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- Exports: $63.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988), including reexports of
- $22.9 billion;
- commodities--clothing, textile yarn and fabric, footwear, electrical
- appliances, watches and clocks, toys;
- partners--US 31%, China 14%, FRG 8%, UK 6%, Japan 5%
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- Imports: $63.9 billion (c.i.f., 1988);
- commodities--foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials,
- semimanufactures, petroleum;
- partners--China 31%, Japan 20%, Taiwan 9%, US 8%
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- External debt: $9.6 billion (December 1988)
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- Industrial production: growth rate 7.0% (1988)
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- Electricity: 7,800,000 kW capacity; 23,000 million kWh produced,
- 4,030 kWh per capita (1989)
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- Industries: textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys,
- watches, clocks
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- Agriculture: minor role in the economy; rice, vegetables, dairy products;
- less than 20% self-sufficient; shortages of rice, wheat, water
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- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $141.2 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87),
- $899.8 million
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- Currency: Hong Kong dollar (plural--dollars);
- 1 Hong Kong dollar (HK$) = 100 cents
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- Exchange rates: Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$--7.800 (March 1989),
- 7.810 (1988), 7.760 (1987), 7.795 (1986), 7.811 (1985); note--linked to the
- US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985
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- Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
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- █ ≡ Communications ≡ █
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- Railroads: 35 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, government owned
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- Highways: 1,100 km total; 794 km paved, 306 km gravel, crushed stone,
- or earth
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- Ports: Hong Kong
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- Merchant marine: 134 ships (1,000 GRT or over), totaling 4,391,102
- GRT/7,430,337 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 1 short-sea passenger, 11 cargo,
- 10 refrigerated cargo, 13 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 10 petroleum,
- oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 9 combination ore/oil,
- 7 liquefied gas, 69 bulk; note--a flag of convenience registry; ships
- registered in Hong Kong fly the UK flag and an estimated 500 Hong Kong-owned
- ships are registered elsewhere
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- Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft
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- Airports: 2 total; 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways;
- none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
- none with runways 1,220-2,439 m
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- Telecommunications: modern facilities provide excellent domestic and
- international services; 2,300,000 telephones; microwave transmission links
- and extensive optical fiber transmission network; stations--6 AM, 6 FM, 4
- TV; 1 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) relay station and 1 British
- Forces Broadcasting Service relay station; 2,500,000 radio receivers;
- 1,312,000 TV sets (1,224,000 color TV sets);
- satellite earth stations--1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 2 Indian Ocean
- INTELSAT; coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China; links to 5 international
- submarine cables providing access to ASEAN member nations, Japan,
- Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
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- █ ≡ Defense Forces ≡ █
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- Branches: Headquarters of British Forces, Gurkha Brigade, Royal Navy,
- Royal Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Police
- Force
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- Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,703,890; 1,320,914 fit for military
- service; 46,440 reach military age (18) annually
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- Defense expenditures: 0.5% of GDP, or $300 million (1989 est.);
- this represents one-fourth of the total cost of defending the colony,
- the remainder being paid by the UK
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- Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK